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Line 1: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − *Expand <b>httpd.conf</b> template:+ + + + + − + − *Restart <b>httpd:</b> + + + + − *To leave Apache reads the distributed configuration file <b><u>.htaccess</u></b> per ibay:+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − *Allow PHP URL File Open per ibay:+ + + + + Line 33:
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Line 949: − + − *Execution Time:+ − Line 58:
Line 956: − + − *Memory Limit:+ − Line 66:
Line 963: + + + + + + − *Upload Max File Size:+ − + − + + + + + + + + + + + + + − *Allow URL FOpen:+ + + − Not secure. Instead use per ibay or directory.+ + − ==Squid Cache==+ − Extracted from: http://forums.contribs.org/index.php?topic=38848.msg176737#msg176737 − ===Flush and Restart===+ − sv d /service/squid+ − echo "" > /var/spool/squid/swap.state+ − sv u /service/squid − & to check it's running+ − sv s /service/squid − ==Command-Line Quick Reference Guide==+ − Below is a list of commands that I use all the time & tend to forget.+ − ===Generic Linux===+ − COMMAND NAME DESCRIPTION − df -h shows disk usage in human readable form − man <commandname> shows more info about a command − uname -a kernel release version − /usr/sbin/smbd -V samba version − /usr/sbin/httpd -v apache version − mysql -v mysql version − php -v php version − mv moves or renames a file − cp copies or backsup a file − rm removes or deletes a file − ps -ax|grep <process> outputs processes running <process> − ps -AH report process status − top shows processes − top -i shows only active processes − iptraf shows network info − mc -d show midnight commander to navigate through system easily − cat /proc/mdstat shows software raid − host -t mx aol.com shows the mx records for aol.com − net groupmap list shows samba mappings to nt groups − telinit 1 changes to single user mode − ifconfig shows detailed info on ethernet ports − grep -r "casesensitivesearch" * finds all documents containing the criteria in a dir − tail -f /var/log/<LOGFILE> realtime viewing of your log file − hdparm -t /dev/mdx (where x is 0,1,2,etc) shows software raid performance − mdadm --detail /dev/mdx (where x is 0,1,2,etc) gives raid info − tar -czvf foo.tar.gz foo creates a tar/zip file of a directory − tar -xvzf foo.tar.gz untar/unzip a tar/zip file − scp -P <ssh_portnumber> foo.tar.gz <other_server_ipaddress>:/opt transfers file to another server − rsync --progress -te "ssh -p <ssh_portnumber>" foo <other_server_ipaddress>:/opt transfers file to another server − sed -i s/foo/fee/g <FILENAMEORPATHTODIR> replaces foo with fee − ===RPM's===+ − rpm -qa shows all rpms installed+ − rpm -qa --last shows all rpms installed & installation date+ − rpm -q asks for rpm info − rpm -qi asks for detailed rpm info − rpm -ql <packagename> lists all files in a package − rpm -qf <filename> reports what package a file belongs to − ===YUM'ing===+ − yum install <packagename> installs packagename & any package it may need − yum remove <packagename> removes packagename − yum list updates list updates to any installed package − yum list available list available packages in all repos not already installed − yum list available |grep <reponame> list available packages -shows only from repo name − yum search <packagename> lists all packages in all repos matching packagename − yum --enablerepo=<reponame> <command> enables a repo not normally enabled − /sbin/e-smith/audittools/newrpms shows all extra packages installed − ===SME Server specific===+ − + − + − + + + + + + + + + + + + Line 160:
Line 1,043: + + + + + + + + + + − + − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − TODO SECTION+ + − This section describe the (correct) way to handling services, such as starting, stoping, restarting, etc. SME is different compared with other linux distributions, so service are handled in a different maner.+ + + − === General handling ===+ − + + + + + + + + − service servicename action+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − ==== Apache Service ==== − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − service httpd restart
→PHP settings only for SME9
{{usefulnote}}
==SME Server locale==
By default the sme server 8 locale is ISO-8859-1ldapsear
==ACL==
===See ACL===
getfacl /path/2/files/or/folders
===set ACL===
setfacl -P -R -m u:apache:rwX,d:u:apache:rwX /path/2/files/or/folders
-R : recursive<br />
-P : physical, follow symlinks
==Apache Related Commands==
==Apache Related Commands==
===Apache options to ibay===
====Expand <b>httpd.conf</b> template====
expand-template /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
expand-template /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
sv h /service/httpd-e-smith
or
/sbin/e-smith/expand-template /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/usr/bin/sv h /service/httpd-e-smith
====Restart httpd====
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
or
sv t /service/httpd-e-smith
=====SME10=====
How do I start, restart, stop, reload and check the status of a service (httpd-e-smith.service) with systemd.
# systemctl start httpd-e-smith.service
# systemctl restart httpd-e-smith.service
# systemctl stop httpd-e-smith.service
# systemctl reload httpd-e-smith.service
# systemctl status httpd-e-smith.service
====Enable AllowOverride All/None====
leave Apache reads the distributed configuration file <b><u>.htaccess</u></b> per ibay:
db accounts setprop IBAYNAME AllowOverride All
db accounts setprop IBAYNAME AllowOverride All
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME
if you want to remove
db accounts delprop IBAYNAME AllowOverride
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME
====enable Symlinks in that iBay====
db accounts setprop IBAYNAME FollowSymLinks enabled
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME
if you want to remove
db accounts delprop IBAYNAME FollowSymLinks
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME
====disable apache directory indexes per ibay====
db accounts setprop IBAYNAME Indexes disabled
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME
if you want to remove
db accounts delprop IBAYNAME Indexes
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME
====PHPBaseDir per ibay====
the phpbasedir is a "php-jail", if you want that it uses its normal jail and allow it to use also /tmp then :
db accounts setprop IBAYNAME PHPBaseDir /home/e-smith/files/ibays/IBAYNAME/:/tmp/
signal-event ibay-modify IBAYNAME
====Allow PHP URL File Open per ibay====
For SME9 exclusively see [[Useful_Commands#PHP_settings_only_for_SME9]]<br />
Make custom httpd directory if not exist
Make custom httpd directory if not exist
Restart httpd.
Restart httpd.
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
====Allow PHP URL File Open====
This is set with a db command.
Use the command here
http://wiki.contribs.org/DB_Variables_Configuration#Php
and replace the variable and value
eg
db configuration setprop php AllowUrlFopen On
expand-template /etc/php.ini
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
====PHP document root====
$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']
If you set up an application in an ibay you may have some odd results due to the usage of $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] by the application.
By default this is set in php.ini to :
/home/e-smith/files/ibays/Primary/html
How to overcome $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] issues in ibays see [[PHP_document_root]]
====PHP settings only for SME9====
{{Tip box|msg=These settings modify only the behaviour of one ibay and not at all the whole php settings for the server. Only for sme9, see [[bugzilla:8239]]}}
db accounts setprop ibayname variable value
signal-event ibay-modify ibayname
AllowUrlFopen : enabled/disabled
MemoryLimit : set a M as unit, eg 64M
UpMaxFileSize : set a M as unit, eg 64M
PostMaxSize : set a M as unit, eg 64M
MaxExecTime: unlimited or set time in second without units, eg 60
====PHPinfo====
PHPinfo will provide an overview of all PHP related settings. A quick way to get an overview or search for a setting, one could use:
php -r "phpinfo();" | less
or to save to a text file:
php -r "phpinfo();" > phpinfo.txt
or to search for specific values and save to a text file:
php -r "phpinfo();" | grep mysql > phpmysql.txt
===https forced redirection using custom template===
see [[Https_redirection]]
If it does not already exist then create the following directory
mkdir -p /etc/e-smith/templates-custom/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf/VirtualHosts
cd /etc/e-smith/templates-custom/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf/VirtualHosts
nano 60redir-ibayname1
Paste or type the following code including the brackets, replacing ibayname with the name of your ibay
{
if ($port ne "443")
{
$OUT .= <<'HERE';
## Redirect Web Address to Secure Address
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^/ibayname https://%{HTTP_HOST}/ibayname
## End Of Redirect
HERE
}
}
Save the file & exit by Ctrl+x
/sbin/e-smith/expand-template /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
==Backup==
===Debug the Mount of a remote workstation Share===
In the case of you have errors when you mount a remote cifs share (used by the panel 'backup or restore', you can experiment by just running the two commands from the command line (replace $host $share $mountdir appropriately)
/bin/mount -t cifs "//$host/$share" $mountdir -o credentials=/etc/dar/CIFScredentials,nounix
/bin/mountpoint $mountdir
For example :
/bin/mount -t cifs "//192.168.xx.xx/backup-sme" /mnt/smb -o credentials=/etc/dar/CIFScredentials,nounix
/bin/mountpoint /mnt/smb/
===Launch Manually a backup===
* only for an usb_backup or a remote_backup
/etc/e-smith/events/actions/workstation-backup-dar
==Certificates==
see http://wiki.contribs.org/Certificates_Concepts
===How to change your certificate===
Since SME version 7.1.3, the functionality to configure a Common Name in the certificate is included in the main SME packages and can be configured as follows:
config setprop modSSL CommonName www.domain.com
expand-template /home/e-smith/ssl.crt/crt
expand-template /home/e-smith/ssl.key/key
signal-event domain-modify
signal-event email-update
see this forum thread [http://forums.contribs.org/index.php?topic=33109.15] and bug report [http://bugs.contribs.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1689]
===How to set a different expiration time===
The SME self signed certificate is valid for one year, and is automatically renewed on the anniversary of the installation date of the SME server OS.
To specify how long your SME certificate will last for, do the following:
cp /etc/e-smith/templates/home/e-smith/ssl.crt /etc/e-smith/templates-custom/home/e-smith/ssl.crt
nano -w /etc/e-smith/templates-custom/home/e-smith/ssl.crt
change the value for KEYLIFEINDAYS on the first line to the number of days the certificate will remain valid for eg 1826 for 5 years.
Save & exit by pressing the following keys at the same time
ctrl o
ctrl x
Create a new self signed certificate, with the longer validity period. Replace the filenames below with the correct file/key names applicable to your server.
rm /home/e-smith/ssl.crt/servername.domain.com.crt
rm /home/e-smith/ssl.key/servername.domain.com.key
rm /home/e-smith/ssl.pem/servername.domain.com.pem
signal-event post-upgrade
signal-event reboot
Install the new certificate into your browser.
Also see http://wiki.contribs.org/Certificates_Concepts
===How to simply recreate the certificate for SME Server===
rm /home/e-smith/ssl.{crt,key,pem}/*
config delprop modSSL CommonName
config delprop modSSL crt
config delprop modSSL key
signal-event post-upgrade
signal-event reboot
alternately
config show modSSL
config delprop modSSL crt key CertificateChainFile
signal-event ssl-update
==Command-Line Quick Reference Guide==
Below is a list of commands that I use all the time & tend to forget.
===Generic Linux===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! COMMAND NAME !! DESCRIPTION
|-
| /usr/sbin/smbd -V || samba version
|-
| /usr/sbin/httpd -v || apache version
|-
| httpd -t || verify the syntax of the configuration file of apache
|-
| httpd -tf /path/to/config/file || verify the syntax of the specified configuration file of apache
|-
| httpd -t -D DUMP_MODULES || display all loaded modules of apache
|-
| mysql -v || mysql version
|-
| php -v || php version
|-
| du -sh /* || shows your folder sizes by directory in the root (you can adapt to your directory path)
|-
| df -h || shows disk usage in human readable form
|-
| man <commandname> || shows more info about a command
|-
| uname -a || kernel release version
|-
| mv || moves or renames a file
|-
| cp || copies or backup a file
|-
| rm || removes or deletes a file
|-
| <nowiki>ps -aux|grep <process></nowiki> || outputs processes running <process>
|-
| ps -AH || report process status
|-
| ps fax || display processes by tree with their pid
|-
| top || shows processes
|-
| top -i || shows only active processes
|-
| htop || shows processes (more versatile than top)
|-
| iptraf || shows network info
|-
| mc -d || show midnight commander (cli file browser) to navigate through system easily
|-
| host -t mx aol.com || shows the mx records for aol.com
|-
| dig any aol.com || show all dns records for aol.com (you can choose the dns server by adding its IP or hostname : '@8.8.4.4')
|-
| net groupmap list || shows samba mappings to nt groups
|-
| telinit 1 || changes to single user mode
|-
| ifconfig || shows detailed info on ethernet ports
|-
| grep -nsr "casesensitivesearch" /path/to/dir || finds all documents containing the criteria in a dir (add 'i' to the options for a non sensitive search)
|-
| grep -nsri server-manager.jpg /etc/e-smith/ || search the file server-manager.jpg in the path directory /etc/e-smith
|-
| grep -P '^www |apache' /etc/group || search after patterns which start by www and/or apache in /etc/group
|-
| tail -f /var/log/<LOGFILE> || realtime viewing of your log file
|-
| tar -czvf foo.tar.gz foo || creates a tar/zip file of a directory
|-
| tar -xvzf foo.tar.gz || untar/unzip a tar/zip file
|-
| scp -P <ssh_portnumber> foo.tar.gz <user>@<other_server_ipaddress>:/opt || transfers file to another server in /opt directory
|-
| rsync --progress -te "ssh -p <ssh_portnumber>" foo <other_server_ipaddress>:/opt || transfers file to another server
|-
| sed -i -e "s/foo/fee/g" <FILENAMEORPATHTODIR> || replaces foo with fee
|-
| sed '/abba/Id' file.txt || remove all '''lines''' with the string 'abba' (case sensitive) in the file.txt
|-
| sed -n '/^www/p' /etc/group || print all line starting by www in the file /etc/group
|-
| watch mysqladmin process || shows the mysql processes running
|-
| lslbk <ONLY SME9>|| lsblk lists information about all available or the specified block devices. The lsblk command reads the sysfs filesystem to gather information. The command prints all block devices (except RAM disks) in a tree-like format by default.
|-
| <nowiki>find . -type f | xargs rpm -qf | sort | uniq</nowiki> || find from which rpm these files come from
|-
| who -r || see in which runlevel you are running (7 for sme8, 4 for sme9)
|-
| findmnt || findmnt will list all mounted filesytems or search for a filesystem.
|-
| pstree || pstree shows running processes as a tree. The tree is rooted at either pid or init if pid is omitted.
|-
| clamdtop || clamdtop is a tool to monitor one or multiple clamd(s), that shows the jobs in clamd’s queue, memory usage, and information about the loaded signature database.
|}
Estimate file space usage - drill down into directories
cd /
du --si --max-depth 1
cd /home
du --si --max-depth 1
cd /home/e-smith
du --si --max-depth 1
====UID/GID====
* see informations of a user
id USER
*change the uid of a user
usermod -u '''UID''' USER_NAME
* create a group
groupadd -g '''GID''' -o GROUPE_NAME
* modify the GID of a group
groupmod -o -g '''GID''' GROUPE_NAME
* add a principal group to a user
usermod -g '''GROUP_NAME_OR_GID''' USER_NAME
* add a secondary group to a user
usermod -a -G '''GROUP_NAME_OR_GID''' USER_NAME
====usermod====
*change the home directory (-m move files/folders to the new location)
usermod -d /var/lib/jdownloader jdownloader
* change the shell access of a user
usermod --shell /bin/bash jdownloader
====Read a TAI64N timestamp in human readable format====
[http://cr.yp.to/daemontools/tai64nlocal.html tai64nlocal] converts precise TAI64N timestamps to a human-readable format.
tai64nlocal reads lines from stdin. If a line does not begin with @, tai64nlocal writes it to stdout without change. If a line begins with @, tai64nlocal looks for a timestamp after the @, in the format printed by tai64n, and writes the line to stdout with the timestamp converted to local time in ISO format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.SSSSSSSSS. <br />
Eg
cat /var/log/qpsmtpd/current |tai64nlocal|less
Or
tailf /var/log/sshd/current | tai64nlocal
====adjust the ntp time====
if you want to set the correct time via ntpd without restarting the server<br />
in a root terminal
/etc/init.d/ntpd stop
ntpdate pool.ntp.org
/etc/init.d/ntpd start
and to verify
date
====create missing group and set gid====
If a specific sme group or linux group is missing, you can create it again. see [[bugzilla:7932#c48]]
groupadd -g 102 -o apache
rpm --setugids --setperms rpm1 rpm2
where 102 is the correct gid of apache group, adapt it to the right setting
where rpm1 and rpm2 are valid rpm but broken due to the lack of apache group during installation or upgrade
if the group apache exists but with the wrong gid (example 48) you can set the 102 gid
groupmod -o -g 102 apache
====display what are your network interfaces====
# perl -Mesmith::ethernet -e "print esmith::ethernet::probeAdapters();"
EthernetDriver1 e1000 08:00:27:23:85:a6 "Intel Corporation 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 02)"
alternatively, and only for SME9 or greater, you can use
# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 11.22.22.44/XY brd 11.22.33.255 scope global eth0
3: dummy0: <BROADCAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/ether 10:00:01:02:03:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.45.1/24 brd 192.168.45.255 scope global dummy0
====find files by their size====
it could be useful to find large file by the command line
find /home/e-smith -type f -size +200'''M''' -exec ls -lh {} \; | awk '{ print $ ":_" $5 }';
use
‘k’ for Kilobytes (units of 1024 bytes)
‘M’ for Megabytes (units of 1048576 bytes)
‘G’ for Gigabytes (units of 1073741824 bytes)
====reduce root's user reserved space====
as a default, 5% of the disk space is allocated to root user
you can reduce the allocated space to 1% with (for LVM)
tune2fs -m 1 /dev/mapper/main-root
if you're not using LVM, use
df -h
to see where / is mounted
====find files by the Name====
find ~/smeserver/ -name 'e-smith-backup-2.4.0*'
or use (updatedb is launched every night)
updatedb
locate e-smith-backup-2.4.0
====how much mail data per user is stored on the server====
You can adapt that command line to your needs, here we can see the used disk spaceof all emails stored by your users on your SME Server.
du -s /home/e-smith/files/users/*/Maildir | sort -rn | cut -f2- | xargs -d "\n" du -sh
====Replace a chain of characters====
Replace a chain of characters chaine1 by chaine2 in all files of the current directory with '.txt'
find . -name "*.txt" -type f -exec sed -i "s/chaine1/chaine2/g" {} \;
====Check file system in case of corruption====
If your filesystem is corrupted. That can be a hardware failure, or a software corruption (after a crash). The server won't boot before you manually run fsck to check/repair the filesystem. Note that this might not be possible if the problem is comming from hardware failure (hope you have backups....).
Try this:
- when you're prompted to, enter the root password, you'll be dropped on a shell
- manually run fsck
e2fsck -D -tt -y /dev/main/root
It can take several minutes/hours depending on the size of your drives and their speed. With some luck, the filesystem will be cleaned, and you'll be able to boot.
====Adding notes/comments to shell commands====
You can add comments to shell commands without interrupting the functionality of the shell command. The comments will be appear in .bash_history which can be beneficial for later analysis. e.g. Why was the the command given or who entered the command. Examples:
cat /etc/redhat-release #johnd What version are we running
config setprop sshd status disabled #maryc Disable ssh access ticket:#12345
With (complex) grep arguments one would be able to search the bash history on different criteria. e.g. To find all shell commands given entered by mary that have something to do with ssh (example line above):
cat /root/.bash_history | grep "#mary" | grep ssh
will return:
config setprop sshd status disabled #maryc Disable ssh access ticket:#12345
====Adding date and time to bash history====
By default the bash history does not show the date and time of any activity. You can enable this by entering the following command:
HISTTIMEFORMAT="%d/%m/%y %T "
where %d=day, %m is month, &y is year and %T is time
To see the bash history with the date and time added, enter:
history
the history command can be useful in combination with added comments to shell commands for more precise analysis or (automatic) reporting based on a shell script and cron.
====Find open ports====
* netstat
# netstat -anp|grep 5232
tcp 0 0 192.168.12.233:5232 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2028/python
* nmap
nmap can specify if a port is closed or not
yum install nmap
nmap localhost -p 5232
===Raid===
You have a lot of interesting tutorial [http://wiki.contribs.org/Category:Administration:Storage concerning the Raid]
==== shows software raid performance ====
hdparm -Tt /dev/mdX
(where X is 0,1,2,etc)
==== gives raid info ====
mdadm --detail /dev/mdX
(where X is 0,1,2,etc)
==== shows software raid ====
cat /proc/mdstat
==== remove the degraded raid ====
when you install the smeserver with one drive and in a degraded raid, you will see a 'U_' state but without warnings. If you want to leave just one 'U'
mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --force --raid-devices=1
mdadm --grow /dev/md1 --force --raid-devices=1
===RPM's===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Command !! Explanation
|-
| rpm -qa || shows all rpms installed
|-
| rpm -qa --last || shows all rpms installed & installation date
|-
| rpm -q || asks for rpm info
|-
| rpm -qi || asks for detailed rpm info
|-
| rpm -qlv <packagename> || lists all files in a package
|-
| rpm -qlvp <packagename.rpm> || List all files in a rpm which is not installed
|-
| rpm -qf <filename> || reports what package a file belongs to
|-
| rpm -qV <packagename> || reports if permission and ownership are OK
|-
| rpm -qRp <packagename.rpm> || Find what dependencies have a rpm
|-
| rpm -qR <packagename> || Find what dependencies have a package name
|-
| rpm -q --whatrequires <packagename> || find what packages have <packagename> as dependancy
|-
|rpm -e --test <packagename> || find what packages have <packagename> as dependancy (more verbose as above)
|-
| rpm -e --nodeps <packagename> || remove packagename without removing dependencies
|-
| rpm --setugids <packagename> || set right ownership to rpm
|-
| rpm --setperms <packagename> || set right permissions to rpm
|-
| rpm -e --noscripts <packagename> || remove packagename without executing sciptlets (%pre, %post, %preun, %postun)
|-
| rpm -Va || capture any damaged/incomplete rpms - but will also show lots of configuration files, which you of course expect to be modified.
|}
====Find upstream rpms patched by contribs.org====
For the need of the distribution we ought to patch some upstream rpms, this is the list
rpm -qa --qf "%{name} %{BuildHost}\n" | grep -P 'build64\-1|builder.koozali.org' | awk '{print $1}' | grep -vP '^smeserver|e\-smith' | sort
====Restore all permissions and ownership====
If you want to restore all permissions and right ownership of rpm, you can do this in a root terminal. See [[bugzilla:6851#c15]]
for f in $(rpm -qa); do echo $f; rpm --setugids $f; done
for f in $(rpm -qa); do echo $f; rpm --setperms $f; done
===YUM'ing and repositories===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Command !! Explanation
|-
| yum install <packagename> || installs packagename & any package it may need
|-
| yum remove <packagename> || removes packagename
|-
| yum history package-info <packagename> || Shows the installation/removal history of a package and it's Transaction ID [http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/YumHistory see more commands]
|-
| yum history undo <Transaction ID> || Removes all packages from a specific Transaction ID [http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/YumHistory see more commands]
|-
| yum list updates || list updates to any installed package
|-
| yum list available || list available packages in all repos not already installed
|-
| yum list available |grep <reponame> || list available packages -shows only from repo name
|-
| yum search <packagename> || lists all packages in all repos matching packagename
|-
| yum clean all --enablerepo=* || Is used to clean up various things which accumulate in the yum cache (includes disabled repos)
|-
| yum --enablerepo=<reponame> <command> || enables a repo not normally enabled
|-
| /sbin/e-smith/audittools/newrpms || shows all extra packages installed
|-
| /sbin/e-smith/audittools/repositories || show all repositories and if they are activated or not
|-
| db yum_repositories show <reponame> || show properties of the repository <reponame> '''(you may use TAB to auto-complete your command line)'''
|}
=====Restoring Default Yum Repositories=====
{{note box|If you have problems with your yum setup you may have entered incorrect repository values. Remove the current values and restore the original setting with these commands}}
cd /home/e-smith/db/
mv yum_repositories yum_repositories.po
/etc/e-smith/events/actions/initialize-default-databases
Now you have a clean install, you can re-add 3rd party repos as described above
signal-event yum-modify
and check if you can update your server
yum update
==LDAP==
===Show/Debug the state of LDAP===
about the DB settings
db configuration show ldap
about the service (see the pid and the output when manually you start the service)
cd /service/ldap
sv s .
./run
See the ownership of LDAP database (must be owned ldap:ldap)
ll /var/lib/ldap/
===ldif-fix===
it just prints what changes are needed in the ldap tree. With -u instead of -d, those changes are applied
/var/service/ldap/ldif-fix -d
===Parse the ldap catalogue===
you can use this command
slapcat
or if you want to sort
slapcat | grep -viP 'userPassword|sambaNTPassword|sambaLMPassword'
===namingContexts===
we can conduct a simple search of the naming context to see our directory information you can display 'dn' LDAP parameters, either by the [[SME_Server:Documentation:Administration_Manual:Chapter13#Directory|server-manager]] or by the command line :
ldapsearch -x -b '' -s base '(objectclass=*)' namingContexts''
or you can do
ldapsearch -x -h localhost -s base |grep 'dn'
* for example
[root@sme9 ~]# ldapsearch -x -h localhost -s base |grep 'dn'
# base <dc=stephane,dc=dtdns,dc=net> (default) with scope baseObject
# stephane.dtdns.net
'''dn: dc=mycompany,dc=local'''
====Retrieve the ldap base====
in a template you can do
baseDN = "ou=Users,{ esmith::util::ldapBase($DomainName); }";
===request a listing of all entries===
The following LDAP search is requesting a listing of all entries starting from the base "dc=example,dc=local". This should return all of the entries
ldapsearch -x -b 'dc=mycompany,dc=local' '(objectclass=*)'
===Bind with a specific user on LDAP===
Try to connect to ldap with credentials of a specific user and see the LDAP catalogue. Find the '<nowiki/>'''dc'''' by the chapter [[Useful_Commands#namingContexts|above]]
ldapsearch -x -D uid=user2,ou=Users,dc=server1,dc=pt -W
* for example
[root@sme9 ~]# ldapsearch -x -D uid=stephane,ou=Users,dc=mycompany,dc=local -W
===Check a specific user in LDAP catalogue===
display informations on the user requested. Find the '<nowiki/>'''dc'''' by the chapter [[Useful_Commands#namingContexts|above]]
'''for sme9'''
ldapsearch -x -D cn=root,dc=server1,dc=pt -w $(cat /etc/pam_ldap.secret) -b ou=Users,dc=domain,dc=tld "uid=test2"
'''for sme8'''
ldapsearch -x -D cn=root,dc=server1,dc=pt -w $(cat /etc/ldap.secret) -b ou=Users,dc=domain,dc=tld "uid=test2"
* for example
'''for sme9'''
ldapsearch -x -D cn=root,dc=mycompany,dc=local -w $(cat /etc/pam_ldap.secret) -b ou=Users,dc=mycompany,dc=local "uid=stephane"
'''for sme8'''
ldapsearch -x -D cn=root,dc=mycompany,dc=local -w $(cat /etc/ldap.secret) -b ou=Users,dc=mycompany,dc=local "uid=stephane"
===Retrieve the ldap password===
* directly in a terminal
perl -Mesmith::util -e 'print esmith::util::LdapPassword();'
* in a template
my $pwd = esmith::util::LdapPassword();
if you need to call the ldap password in a script you can invoke this bash variable
* for sme8
PWD=$(cat /etc/ldap.secret)
* for sme9
PWD=$(cat /etc/pam_ldap.secret)
==Log==
===Parse Log files to search for errors===
When you want to test the SME Product it can be useful to see what it occurs.
This CL can help you, but you should read the entire log
grep -iE "uninitialized|WARNING|ERROR" /var/log/messages
of course this is for the /var/log/messages
or if you want to parse all log
grep -iE "uninitialized|WARNING|ERROR" /var/log/*
{{Note box| you have now a tool in your hand to parse logfile : [[Audit_Tools#logcheck]]. You should be aware that tool is here to help to find errors in the development side of the SME Server and thus you could have a lot of false positive}}
=== '''Parse log for hack / phishing for missing files''' ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
EXTIP=`curl -s ifconfig.me/ip`
grep "File does not exist" /var/log/httpd/error_log | sed -e 's#\: /#\n#' | grep "home" | sort -u | sed -e "s#$EXTIP#\<IP\>#g" > dict_err.txt
# grep "File does not exist" /var/log/httpd/admin_error_log | sed -e 's#\: /#\n#' | grep "home" | sort -u | sed -e "s#$EXTIP#\<IP\>#g" > dict_admin_err.txt
</syntaxhighlight>
* verbose output
less /var/log/messages| grep -iE "useless|uninitialized|warn|fail|error|disable|unable|exit"
* search all logs with verbose output
less /var/log/* | grep -iE "useless|uninitialized|warn|fail|error|disable|unable|exit"
==Mail==
see [[Email]]
===check blocked email address by the server===
grep -i 'blocked email address' /var/log/qpsmtpd/current
===maximum email size===
[[Email#Set_max_email_size]]
===Spam filter with Server-Manager===
Using the Server-Manager Configuration/E-Mail panel, adjust the settings to these reasonable defaults.
*Virus scanning Enabled
*Spam filtering Enabled
*Spam sensitivity Custom
*Custom spam tagging level 4
*Custom spam rejection level 12
*Sort spam into junkmail folder Enabled
*Modify subject of spam messages Enabled
===spam retention in junk mailbox===
The server will automatically delete old spam in the junkmail folders after 90 days. You can control the number of days old spam is kept with the following commands. Where 15 is the number of days you want to keep messages, do...
db configuration setprop spamassassin MessageRetentionTime 15
signal-event email-update
svc -t /service/qpsmtpd
then
config show spamassassin
===Mail Statistics===
See [[Mailstats]] for details on the mailstats package.
yum install --enablerepo=smecontribs smeserver-mailstats
===Whitelist and Blacklist===
If mail comes in and it is misclassified as spam by Spamasassin, you can add the sender to the Spamassassin whitelist so that future messages coming in from that sender are not filtered.
Conversely, you can add a spammer to the Spamassassin blacklist so you never see their spam again.
Add senders (or their entire domains) to the global whitelist (or blacklist) with commands similar to these (as root):
db spamassassin setprop wbl.global *@vonage.com White
db spamassassin setprop wbl.global *domain2.com White
db spamassassin setprop wbl.global user@domain3.com White
db spamassassin setprop wbl.global spammer@spamdomain.com Black
expland template and save the configuration to the database
signal-event email-update
You can view the lists with this command:
db spamassassin show
These lists can be also controlled by the server-manager with the wbl contrib http://wiki.contribs.org/Email_Whitelist-Blacklist_Control
==MySQL==
There appears to be no password set for the MySQL root password, but this is not true. If you are logged in to the SME Server shell a special mechanism is in place to log you in with MySQL root privileges without prompting you for the password.
The MySQL root password for SME Server is a 72 character random string generated during installation of SME Server. You should never change the MySQL root password as this will break your SME Server configuration. How to login as MySQL root user? describes how to access MySQL with root privileges on SME Server.
For more informations you can see the [[MySQL]] page
===Login as MySQL root user===
To login as MySQL root user, simply type 'mysql' at the SME Server shell, this will log you in with root privileges.
the mysql admin password is a random password generated which can be find
*/root/.my.cnf
*/etc/ldap.secret for sme8 and /etc/pam_ldap.secret for sme9
'''do not modify these files.'''
* directly in a terminal
perl -Mesmith::util -e 'print esmith::util::LdapPassword();'
* in a template
my $pwd = esmith::util::LdapPassword();
if you need to call the mysql password in a script you can invoke this bash variable
* for sme8
PWD=$(cat /etc/ldap.secret)
* for sme9
PWD=$(cat /etc/pam_ldap.secret)
===Create a Database and its User===
Create a new MySQL database (In this example the database name is databasename. Change '''databasename''', '''username''' and '''password''' with your own choices as required)
Login as root and issue the following command to enter the MySQL CLI and create the database:
mysql
create database '''databasename''';
grant all privileges on '''databasename'''.* to '''username''' identified by '<nowiki/>'''password'''';
flush privileges;
exit
or directly from the shell or script:
mysql -e "create database '''databasename''';"
mysql -e "grant all privileges on '''databasename'''.* to '''username''' identified by '<nowiki/>'''password'''';"
mysql -e "flush privileges;"
===Remove a database===
Get access to the SME Server shell and MySQL and issue the following command:
drop database databasename;
or from the shell. Confirmation will be asked.
mysqladmin drop databasename
Replace databasename with the name of the database.
===Remove a user===
Get access to the SME Server shell and MySQL and issue the following command:
USE mysql;
DELETE FROM user WHERE user = 'username';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Replace username with the username you wish to delete.
{{Tip box|mysql_setpermission is a command line menu driven utility that can assist in MySQL administration.}}
===Show databases directly from CLI===
Directly in your Terminal you can see how much DB mysql you have.
mysqlshow
+--------------------+
| Databases |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| egroupware |
| horde |
| mysql |
| roundcube |
| test |
| wordpress |
+--------------------+
===Other useful MySQL commands:===
* list all available database.
show databases;
*display a list of the MySQL users
SELECT user FROM mysql.user;
*remove the user jeffrey
DROP USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost';
* list the privileges granted to the account user
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'user'@'localhost';
* give all rights on all databases for new_dba user
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'new_dba'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
* give all rights on database for new_user
GRANT SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE ON database.* TO 'new_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
* will let you destroy a database. Use with care. Use 'mysqladmin --help' for all available options.
mysqladmin drop '''databasename''';
* show you all '''table''' details of mysql '''database'''
use database;
show table status;
* let you see all '''tables''' of mysql '''database'''
use database;
show table status;
==Password==
===Password strength===
First a warning - Far too many systems out there have weak passwords and they will be broken into. Educating your users on the necessity of strong passwords is the best option. If that fails, here is how you change the password strength checking from 'strong' to 'normal', which was the setting in previous versions of SME. Be careful to use the exact capitalization.
config setprop passwordstrength Admin normal
config setprop passwordstrength Users normal
config setprop passwordstrength Ibays normal
It is also possible, but strongly discouraged, to disable password strength checking by setting to 'none'
none : no check is performed on the password
normal : the password must be composed of at least seven characters with uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and non-alphanumeric characters
strong : the restrictions are the same as for the normal level, but in addition, the password is verified by cryptlib which ensures its actual complexity
===Change Password Users by the command line===
If you want to change password to your users by the command Line instead of the user panel of SME Server you can do it like this.
perl -e "use esmith::util;esmith::util::setUserPassword( 'username', 'password');"; /sbin/e-smith/signal-event password-modify username
run it for each user separately and replace
username
and
password
with the appropriate values for each of your users.
For special characters note this bug regarding escaping [[bugzilla:8510]]
Some examples :
perl -e 'use esmith::util;esmith::util::setUserPassword("username","pass!word");'
Or:
perl -e "use esmith::util;esmith::util::setUserPassword( 'username','pass"'!'"word');"
===Generating strong random password===
You can Install '''[[Random_Strong_Password_Generator|randpw]]''' else you can use manually the CL below
Security should not be taken lightly and password for e.g. databases, connections etc. need to be long and strong. One way of generating a strong random password is:
< /dev/urandom tr -dc '_A-Z-a-z-0-9!@+[](){}~<>*%^&#+=/$:;,?' | head -c${1:-50};echo;
This will generate a 50 character long random password whereby the characters are selected from the above given string _A-Z-a-z-0-9!@+[](){}~<>*%^&#+=/$:;,?. The number 50 represents the length of the generated password and can be adjusted to fit your needs.
One could also store the generated password to a file or to a db key:
< /dev/urandom tr -dc '_A-Z-a-z-0-9!@+[](){}~<>*%^&#+=/$:;,?' | head -c${1:-50} > mypassword.txt
config set MyStrongPassword `< /dev/urandom tr -dc '_A-Z-a-z-0-9!@+[](){}~<>*%^&#+=/$:;,?' | head -c${1:-50};echo;`
Please note the usage of ` charachter which is not the ' character
===Signalling events : Signal-event===
The signal-event program takes an event name as an argument, and executes all of the actions in that event, providing the event name as the first parameter and directing all output to the system log. It works by listing the entries in the event directory and executing them in sequence. So for example, the command:
signal-event console-save
will perform all the actions associated with the console-save event, which is defined by the contents of the /etc/e-smith/events/console-save/ directory. This is exactly what the console user interface does when you select save at the end of the console configuration wizard.
[[SME_Server:Documentation:Developers_Manual:Chapter7#Standard_events_and_their_arguments| see all options]]
==PHP Related Commands==
==PHP Related Commands==
===Show current php settings===
config show php
===Expand <b>php.ini</b> template===
expand-template /etc/php.ini
expand-template /etc/php.ini
===Configure <b><u>PHP Basedir</u></b> Restriction per ibay===
db accounts setprop IBAYNAME PHPBaseDir DIR1:DIR2:DIRn
db accounts setprop IBAYNAME PHPBaseDir DIR1:DIR2:DIRn
signal-event ibay-modify Primary
signal-event ibay-modify Primary
===Execution Time===
For SME9 exclusively see [[Useful_Commands#PHP_settings_only_for_SME9]]<br />
db configuration setprop php MaxExecutionTime ZZ
db configuration setprop php MaxExecutionTime ZZ
expand-template /etc/php.ini
expand-template /etc/php.ini
where <b><u>ZZ</u></b> is the time in seconds.
where <b><u>ZZ</u></b> is the time in seconds.
===Memory Limit===
For SME9 exclusively see [[Useful_Commands#PHP_settings_only_for_SME9]]<br />
db configuration setprop php MemoryLimit XXM
db configuration setprop php MemoryLimit XXM
expand-template /etc/php.ini
expand-template /etc/php.ini
where <b><u>XX</u></b> is the amount of memory in Mb.
where <b><u>XX</u></b> is the amount of memory in Mb.
===Upload Max File Size===
For SME9 exclusively see [[Useful_Commands#PHP_settings_only_for_SME9]]<br />
db configuration setprop php UploadMaxFilesize WW
expand-template /etc/php.ini
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
where <b><u>WW</u></b> is the file size in Mb.
===Post Maximum Size===
For SME9 exclusively see [[Useful_Commands#PHP_settings_only_for_SME9]]<br />
db configuration setprop php UploadMaxFilesize WW
db configuration setprop php PostMaxSize WW
expand-template /etc/php.ini
expand-template /etc/php.ini
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
/etc/init.d/httpd-e-smith restart
where <b><u>WW</u></b> is the file size in Mb.
where <b><u>WW</u></b> is the file size in Mb.
===Allow URL FOpen===
For SME9 exclusively see [[Useful_Commands#PHP_settings_only_for_SME9]]<br />
Not secure. Instead use per ibay or directory.
==SAMBA==
===shows samba mappings to nt groups===
net groupmap list
===manage the SAM database(Database of Samba Users)===
The pdbedit program is used to manage the users accounts stored in the sam database and can only be run by root.
pdbedit -u USER -v
for example
pdbedit -u stephane -v
===check an smb.conf configuration===
testparm - check an smb.conf configuration file for internal correctness
testparm -vs
===The Trust Relationship Failure===
Using Samba 3 sometimes some Windows computers fall off the domain, resulting in a trust relationship failure.
The trust relationship between this workstation and the primary domain failed.
This is generally caused by mis-matched work-station and domain controller account passwords. To reset this you must un-join/re-join the domain.
===enable samba audit logs for ibays===
Samba audit logging can be enabled for ibays using db variables.
Samba activity is logged in /var/log/samba/samba_audit
To enable audit logging for an ibay named "fileshare":
<nowiki>db accounts setprop fileshare Audit enabled
signal-event ibay-modify fileshare</nowiki>
To enable audit logging for every ibay on your server:
<nowiki>for ibay in $(db accounts show |grep \=ibay |cut -d= -f1); do db accounts setprop $ibay Audit enabled; done
signal-event ibay-modify</nowiki>
The details of what gets logged are controlled by /etc/e-smith/templates/etc/smb.conf/ibays/10smbaudit
==SME Server specific==
{|
=== Command Line===
!align=left|Command
{| class="wikitable"
!align=left|Explanation
|-
! Command !! Explanation
|-
|-
| signal-event post-upgrade || performs SME Server to go regenerate all templates
| signal-event post-upgrade || performs SME Server to go regenerate all templates
|-
|-
| signal-event reboot || reboots the server
| signal-event reboot || reboots the server
|-
| signal-event <event> || performs SME Server to go regenerate event template '''(you may use TAB to auto-complete your command line)'''
|-
| signal-event console-save || Expands templates and reconfigures services which can be changed from the text-mode console and which do not require a reboot
|-
| signal-event dns-update || refreshes the DNS cache, useful for when you know a domain has changed IP and the TTL is too long to wait
|-
|-
| /etc/e-smith/events/actions/navigation-conf || recreates server-manager navigation panel
| /etc/e-smith/events/actions/navigation-conf || recreates server-manager navigation panel
|-
| config show || display the internal configuration of the server
|-
| config show <service name> || show the service configuration '''(you may use TAB to auto-complete your command line)'''
|-
|-
| db || shows the syntax of the db command
| db || shows the syntax of the db command
|-
|-
| db configuration setprop <record> <property> <value> || sets or changes a property in the configuration database
| db configuration setprop <record> <property> <value> || sets or changes a property in the configuration database
|-
| db accounts show || shows all account details
|-
|-
| db accounts show <accountname> || shows the account details
| db accounts show <accountname> || shows the account details
|-
| /etc/e-smith/events/actions/initialize-default-databases|| action for initializing the default database values
|}
===Refresh DNS cache===
signal-event dns-update
refreshes the DNS cache, useful for when you know a domain has changed IP and the TTL is too long to wait
|}
===Refresh Squid Cache===
Extracted from: http://forums.contribs.org/index.php?topic=38848.msg176737#msg176737
===Flush and Restart===
sv d /service/squid
echo "" > /var/spool/squid/swap.state
sv u /service/squid
& to check it's running
sv s /service/squid
===SystemConfig===
Some relative Informations to your system are recorded in the configuration database
config show sysconfig
===db command===
{{note box|SME Server comes with the most used parameters set as variables in its internal configuration databases. These variables are used to store values to be used in the final configuration files. Please, read the [[SME_Server:Documentation:Developers_Manual:Section2]] to understand the template and database process.}}
you can see this page of the wiki [[DB_Variables_Configuration]] and the [[Db_command_tutorial]]
==== Setting db variables to default values ====
{{Note box| Use of 'config' is a shorthand version for 'db configuration' and therefore only works with the configuration database}}
Any db variable that has a default value can be reset to the default by deleting the variable entirely, then re-initializing the default database values as follows:
config delprop <key> <prop>
/etc/e-smith/events/actions/initialize-default-databases
==== Delete a property value ====
To delete the property
db accounts delprop <key> <prop>
==== Reset a property to an empty value ====
To reset to an empty value
db accounts setprop <key> <prop> <nowiki>''</nowiki>
{{Warning box|Database parameters are case sensitive so take great care when typing at the server shell because no error messages are given should you make a mistake.}}
====Create DB key manually by a script====
An example on how create by hand some db with contents in a script. all these db can not be erased because for every 'post-upgrade signal-event; signal-event reboot', the default values set manually below will return.
mkdir -p /etc/e-smith/db/accounts/defaults/wordpress
echo "reserved" > /etc/e-smith/db/accounts/defaults/wordpress/type
mkdir -p /etc/e-smith/db/configuration/defaults/wordpress
echo "configuration" > /etc/e-smith/db/configuration/defaults/wordpress/type
echo "Wordpress weblog" > /etc/e-smith/db/configuration/defaults/wordpress/Name
echo "global" > /etc/e-smith/db/configuration/defaults/wordpress/PublicAccess
echo "enabled" > /etc/e-smith/db/configuration/defaults/wordpress/status
echo "wordpress" > /etc/e-smith/db/configuration/defaults/wordpress/DbName
echo "wordpress" > /etc/e-smith/db/configuration/defaults/wordpress/DbUser
echo "en" > /etc/e-smith/db/configuration/defaults/wordpress/WpLang
in order to initialize all db settings
/etc/e-smith/events/actions/initialize-default-databases
====Create DB key manually by 'config'====
If you want to create a key entry manually you can use the 'config' command and save properties in the '''configuration database'''. For your information, once deleted you cannot retrieve default values as above.
The generic Command line is :
config configuration set key type [prop1 val1] [prop2 val2] ...
for example you can do
config set plop configuration Name wordpress PublicAccess private status enabled DbName wordpress DbUser wordpress WpLang en
you can see the result
config show plop
plop=configuration
DbName=wordpress
DbUser=wordpress
Name=wordpress
PublicAccess=private
WpLang=en
status=enabled
===Modify Hidden settings of users===
====Grant bash access to a "user"====
db accounts setprop '''user''' Shell /bin/bash
signal-event user-modify '''user'''
====Grant vpn access to a "user"====
db accounts setprop '''user''' VPNClientAccess yes
signal-event user-modify '''user'''
====Grant sudo access to a "user"====
db accounts setprop '''user''' Sudoer yes
signal-event user-modify '''user'''
====Chroot "user" on FTP usage====
db accounts setprop '''user''' ChrootDir /home/e-smith/files/users/user/home
signal-event user-modify '''user'''
== Handling Services ==
=== General Service Handling ===
====SME9====
SME Server uses [http://smarden.org/runit/ runit], a UNIX init scheme with service supervision. See the man page of [http://smarden.org/runit/sv.8.html the 'sv' command]
All other linux common way to start or stop services are also valuable
/etc/init.d/servicename start/stop/status
service servicename start/stop/status
*start
sv t servicename
sv u /service/servicename
*stop
sv d /service/servicename
*restart
sv t /service/servicename
* status
sv s /service/servicename
{{tip box|you may use TAB to auto-complete your command line}}
you have some shortcuts
down => 'd',
stop => 'd',
up => 'u',
start => 'u',
restart => 't',
sigterm => 't',
adjust => 'h',
reload => 'h',
sighup => 'h',
sigusr1 => '1',
sigusr2 => '2',
once => 'o',
pause => 'p',
alarm => 'a',
interrupt => 'i',
quit => 'q',
kill => 'k',
exit => 'x',
Restarting:
Restarting:
sv t httpd-e-smith
sv t /service/httpd-e-smith
====SME10====
'''Systemctl''' is a '''systemd''' utility that is responsible for Controlling the '''systemd''' system and service manager. '''Systemd''' is a collection of system management daemons, utilities, and libraries which serves as a replacement of '''System V init''' daemon. Systemd functions as central management and configuration platform
To list all loaded services on your system (whether active; running, exited or failed, use the '''list-units''' subcommand and <code>--type</code> switch with a value of service.
# systemctl list-units --type=service
OR
# systemctl --type=service
But to get a quick glance of all running services (i.e all loaded and actively running services), run the following command.
# systemctl list-units --type=service --state=running
OR
# systemctl --type=service --state=running
List all failed units.
# systemctl --failed
Check whether a Unit or Service is running or not?.
# systemctl status httpd-e-smith
How do I start, restart, stop, reload and check the status of a service ('''httpd.service''') in Linux.
# systemctl start httpd-e-smith.service
# systemctl restart httpd-e-smith.service
# systemctl stop httpd-e-smith.service
# systemctl reload httpd-e-smith.service
# systemctl status httpd-e-smith.service
===Add a custom service===
see this [[Add_a_custom_service |page]]
==SSL==
===Test SSL certificate===
This free online service performs a deep analysis of the configuration of any SSL web server on the public Internet.
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/
===SSL diagnostic===
The s_client command implements a generic SSL/TLS client which connects to a remote host using SSL/TLS. It is a very useful diagnostic tool for SSL servers.<br />
[https://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/s_client.html openssl s_client] Documentation
*on sme
openssl s_client -connect localhost:993
*on a remote host
openssl s_client -connect yourdomain:993
===SSL Signature algorithm===
you can verify the algorithm signature of your certificate<br />
for example
openssl x509 -noout -text -in /home/e-smith/ssl.pem/sme9dev2.mycompany.local.pem
== SSH ==
===Enable SSH===
* Enable ssh access (the lazy not-so-secure way, but I am assuming for this testing/dev scenario that your external IP is really a local address behind a router)
<syntaxhighlight lang="Bash">
db configuration setprop sshd status enabled
db configuration setprop sshd PermitRootLogin yes
db configuration setprop sshd acccess public
db configuration setprop sshd PasswordAuthentication yes
/sbin/e-smith/signal-event remoteaccess-update
</syntaxhighlight>
* Allow ssh in public or private mode : '''public'''= all internet '''private'''= only your network
db configuration sshd access public
signal-event remoteaccess-update
===Access to the terminal of your remote sme===
ssh root@ip-sme-or-remote-hostname
or
ssh -pX root@ip-sme-or-remote-host (X is the port listened by ssh service)
{{Note box| you need to forward in your router the port 22 (or whatever you decide) to your internal sme's ip and '''allow ssh in the server-manager with the root login and Password Authentication''' (Security/Remote Access menu). '''You can enhance security by disabling the root connection''' : Allow administrative command line access over secure shell NO
Keep in mind that you need '''to set the service to public access (entire internet)''' if you want to be accessible by ssh outside of you network (see the [[Denyhosts]] contrib for banning hosts which failed too many login attempts to your ssh deamon.) }}
===Execute or run a command over ssh to a remote server and auto disconnect after quit===
ssh -t root@ip-sme-or-remote-hostname command
where 'command' is the program or command to run. An example could be:
ssh -t root@192.168.1.5 top
===Access to the server-manager through SSH===
We can access to the server-manager of your remote SME Server by SSH with a tunneling protocol initiated by "ssh -L". This command has to be done by a superuser in a Terminal like if you want to be connected to your SME Server by SSH.
{{note box|We assume that ports are forwarded in your router to your sme internal IP (443 and 22) and the root user is allowed to access by ssh to the server.}}
Do this in a root terminal of your Linux computer outside of your network
ssh -L 443:localhost:443 root@your-static-external-network-IP-or-host.dyndsn.org
host.dyndsn.org could be a free service as [http://dyn.com/dns/ dyndns.org] or [http://www.noip.com/ noip.com]
'''Keep the terminal open''', Then you need to use this specific URL in your WEB Browser to go to the server-manager
https://localhost/server-manager
{{tip box|msg=It is possible to use putty if you are afraid about some commands in a terminal, you can find a lot of examples by typing this in google [https://www.google.com/search?q=tunneling+by+putty tunneling by putty]}}
====Access with non standard ports====
In certain cases which you are not root on the local computer, you can not redirect port < 1024, so you have to use port > 1024 as the example below.
ssh -L 9443:localhost:443 root@your-remote-ip -p 22
9443 : local port
443 : remote https port
your-remote-ip : the remote host (could be an ip or a domain name)
22 : this is the port where the ssh server is listening, you can change it in accordance with the remote server
'''Keep the terminal open''', Then you need to use this specific URL in your WEB Browser to go to the server-manager
https://localhost:9443/server-manager
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[[Category:Howto]]
[[Category:Howto]]